Abstract:The characterization of sinusoidal signals with time varying amplitude and phase is useful and applicable for many fields. Therefore several algorithms have been suggested to estimate main aspects of these signals. Within no standard approach to test the properties of these algorithms, it seems to be helpful to discuss a large class of algorithms according to their properties. In this paper, six methods of estimating dynamic phasor have been reviewed and discussed which three of them are based on least square and others are based on Kalman filter. Taylor expansion is used as a first step and continued with least square or Kalman filter in accordance with the proposal observer of each method. The theoretical processes of these methods are briefly clarified. The characterizations have been made by some tests in time and frequency domains. The tests include amplitude step, phase step, frequency step, frequency response, total vector error, transient monitor, noise, sample number, computation time, harmonic and DC offset which build a framework to compare the different methods.

Abstract:An enhanced cascading failure model integrating data mining technique is proposed in this paper. In order to better simulate the process of cascading failure propagation and further analyze the relationship between failure chains, in view of a basic framework of cascading failure described in this paper, some significant improvements in emerging prevention and control measures, the subsequent failure search strategy as well as the statistical analysis for the failure chains are made elaborately. Especially, a sequential pattern mining model is employed to find out the association pertinent to the obtained failure chains. In addition, a cluster analysis model is applied to evaluate the relationship between the intermediate data and the consequence of obtained failure chain, which can provide the prediction in potential propagation path of cascading failure to reduce the risk of catastrophic events. Finally, the case studies are conducted on the IEEE 10-machine-39-bus test system as benchmark to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed enhanced cascading failure model. Some preliminary concluding remarks and comments are drawn.

Abstract:This paper presents a comparative study of P&O, fuzzy P&O and BPSO fuzzy P&O control methods by using MATLAB software for optimizing the power output of the solar PV grid array. The voltage, power output and the duty cycle of the solar PV array are well presented and analyzed with an algorithm. The model consists of 66 PV Cells connected parallel and 5 PV cells connected in series to make solar PV array. The BPSO Fuzzy method generates 43.4820 MW output power more than P&O method and 150 KW more than P&O fuzzy method. This also shows that the time response of the photovoltaic system reduces to perturbations and insures the continuity of the operation at the time in response to the continued maximum power point. It also eliminates the fluctuations around MPPT. Simulation results also revealed that BPSO fuzzy P&O controller is more effective as compare with P&O and fuzzy P&O models.

Abstract:This paper presents opposition-based differential evolution to determine the optimal hourly schedule of power generation in a hydrothermal system. Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based stochastic parallel search evolutionary algorithm. Opposition-based differential evolution has been used here to improve the effectiveness and quality of the solution. The proposed opposition-based differential evolution (ODE) employs opposition-based learning (OBL) for population initialization and also for generation jumping. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified on two test problems, two fixed head hydrothermal test systems and three hydrothermal multi-reservoir cascaded hydroelectric test systems having prohibited operating zones and thermal units with valve point loading. The results of the proposed approach are compared with those obtained by other evolutionary methods. It is found that the proposed opposition-based differential evolution based approach is able to provide better solution.

Abstract:Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers, especially the series-FACTS controllers, affect the operation of distance relays and can lead to the relays under/over-reaching. This paper aims to demonstrate the effects of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and series capacitive compensation (SCC), as two important series compensators, on the distance protection using theoretical and computational methods. The results of the investigation are used to develop a feasible and adequate method for eliminating the negative effects of these devices on the distance relays. The developed method measures the voltages at terminals of the SSSC and SCC by phasor measurement units (PMUs) which are then transmitted to the relay location by communication channels. The transmitted signals are used to modify the voltage measured by the relay. Different operation types and conditions of SSSC and SCC, and different faults such as phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground faults are investigated in simulations. Since the modeled distance relay can measure the fault resistance, trip boundaries are used to show the performance of the presented method. Results show that the presented method properly eliminates the negative effects on the distance relays and prevents them from mal-operation under all fault resistance conditions.

Abstract:With the increasing connection of controllable devices to isolated community microgrid, an economic operation model of isolated community microgrid based on the temperature regulation characteristics of temperature controlling devices composed of wind turbine, micro-gas turbine, energy storage battery and heat pump is proposed. With full consideration of various economic costs, including fuel cost, start-stop cost, energy storage battery depletion expense and penalty for wind curtailment, the model is solved by hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm. The optimal output of the micro-sources and total operating cost of the system in the scheduling cycle are also obtained. The case study demonstrates that temperature adjustment of temperature controlling devices can adjust the power load indirectly and increase the schedulability of the isolated community microgrid, and reduce the operating cost of the microgrid.

Abstract:In this work, a directional relaying algorithm is proposed for transmission line to prevent relay maloperation during coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) subsidence transient. The effect of CCVT subsidence transient during single-pole-tripping condition is highlighted in this paper. The proposed method which is based on phase angle difference of post fault and prefault positive sequence current can help the directional relay to take accurate decision during erroneous CCVT secondary response. The available CCVT model in PSCAD is not able to generate significant subsidence transient in the secondary side. So, a new CCVT model is developed in EMTDC/PSCAD domain for transient response analysis and to check the relay operation. Next, the performance of different voltage and current information based directional relaying techniques have been analyzed and compared with the proposed method. The results are evaluated for different system and fault conditions. Results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.

Abstract:The paper deals with the application of Volterra bound Interval type −2 fuzzy logic techniques in power quality assessment. This work proposes a new layout for detection, localization and classification of various types of power quality events. The proposed method exploits Volterra series for the extraction of relevant features, which are used to recognize different PQ events by Interval type-2 fuzzy logic based classifier. Numerous single as well as multiple powers signal disturbances have been simulated to testify the efficiency of the proposed technique. This time– frequency analysis results in the clear visual detection, localization, and classification of the different power quality events. The simulation results signify that the proposed scheme has a higher recognition rate while classifying single and multiple power quality events unlike other methods. Finally, the proposed method is compared with SVM, feed forward neural network and type −1 Fuzzy logic system based classifier to show the efficacy of the proposed technique in classifying the Power quality events.

Abstract:This paper proposes a new backup protection scheme, named coordinated backup protection (CBP) scheme, for distribution networks containing distributed generation. The proposed protection scheme takes into account the issues faced by traditional backup protection, such as difficulty in setting parameters and complex cooperation, and considers the features of distribution networks, such as changeable power flow because of high penetration of distributed generation sources and insufficient measuring quantities. The CBP scheme includes two aspects: coordinated substation protection and regional master substation protection, who also work as nearby backup protection and remote backup protection respectively. The two protections support each other by local information coordination and regional information sharing, in order to improve the reliability of fault identification. The configuration principles and performances of the proposed backup protection scheme are addressed in the paper. Different fault conditions in the IEEE 14-node system have been used to illustrate and verify the feasibility of the CBP scheme.