| Abstract: |
| Integration of electric vehicles (EVs), demand response and renewable energy will bring multiple opportunities for
low carbon power system. A promising integration will be EV battery swapping station (BSS) bundled with PV
(photovoltaic) power. Optimizing the configuration and operation of BSS is the key problem to maximize benefit of
this integration. The main objective of this paper is to solve infrastructure configuration of BSS. The principle
challenge of such an objective is to enhance the swapping ability and save corresponding investment and
operation cost under uncertainties of PV generation and swapping demand. Consequently this paper mainly
concentrates on combining operation optimization with optimal investment strategies for BSS considering multiscenarios
PV power generation and swapping demand. A stochastic programming model is developed by using
state flow method to express different states of batteries and its objective is to maximize the station’s net profit.
The model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program to guarantee the efficiency and stability of the
optimization. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and demonstrate that ignoring the
uncertainties of PV generation and swapping demand may lead to an inappropriate batteries, chargers and
swapping robots configuration for BSS. |
| Key words: Electric vehicle, Battery swapping station, Optimal facilities configuration, Uncertainty, PV consumptionbundling |
| DOI：10.1186/s41601-017-0056-y |
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| Fund: |
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