| Abstract: |
| In this paper, the impact of communication time delays (CTDs) on combined load frequency control (LFC) and
automatic voltage regulation (AVR) of a multi-area system with hybrid generation units is addressed. Investigation
reveals that CTDs have significant effect on system performance. A classical PID controller is employed as a
secondary regulator and its parametric gains are optimized with a differential evolution - artificial electric field
algorithm (DE-AEFA). The superior performance of the presented algorithm is established by comparing with
various optimization algorithms reported in the literature. The investigation is further extended to integration of
redox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) with tie-lines. Analysis reveals that IPFC and
RFBs coordinated control enhances system dynamic performance. Finally, the robustness of the proposed control
methodology is validated by sensitivity analysis during wide variations of system parameters and load. |
| Key words: Combined LFC-AVR, Communication time delays (CTDs), IPFC-RFBs strategy, DE-AEFA algorithm |
| DOI：10.1186/s41601-021-00185-z |
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| Fund: |
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